ABSTRACT

A Study of Mwaghavul Festival Costumes in Plateau State Costume plays significant roles during festivals, because they add to the beauty of events. Such festivals provide opportunities where beautiful costumes of different ethnic groups are showcased in promoting the culture of the Mwaghavul. Costume is a distinctive style of dress of an individual group that reflects their class, gender, profession, ethnicity, or nationality. The study of Mwaghavul festival costume in Mangu Local Government area of Plateau State is the scope of the study, which was delimited to three (3) districts; Panyam, Mangu, Pushit, The reviewed of the background of study is on social, cultural, religious, and political, in order to come out with facts. The research design is qualitative technique that covers historical and descriptive approach. Primary and secondary sources are the major data collection techniques. The gradual dominance of modernised costumes used for cultural festivals in Nigeria is a matter of concern. These concerns give rise to the need to document the Mwaghavul festival costumes of the Mwaghavul of Mangu of Plateau State before it goes into extinction, because there is lack of literatures on costumes used for Mwaghavul festival. It is therefore on this basis that, the problem of this study is premised. Based on the area of study, the researcher review literatures base on the following; etymological definition of costume, history of costume, African costume, costume in Nigeria and festivals that promoted the costume of the people. The research analysis is base on categorization method using Simple Random Sampling and Purposive Sampling techniques with descriptive and interpretation of aesthetic component of the costume. Images of costume are categories base on gender (male and female) dance costume, according to festival to hunting and ceremonies occasions of Vellang,Mbel,Cher and JirapWar-Shar group. Descriptive analysis was made alongside the pictures, of artistic elements and function as well. The researcher discovered that the costumes used for festival is declining due to some social, cultural and religious influences. Recommendation were given to tackle the changes, that costumes should be well preserved in order that they do not get damaged or lost, and that further studies should be carried out on other aspect of Mwaghavul musical instruments. Findings are discovered based on the stated objectives; it is discovered that, the costume of the people is divided into four (male, female, hunting, rites of passages). The costumes are made of different media such as cotton, wool, animal skin, leaves, and raffia. The costumes of the people are for entertainment, communication and beautification. The costume of the people is on the verge of declining due to religious and other social influences. The contributions to knowledge of the study are; some of the functions of the costumes are used for entertainment, identification, communication and for aesthetic purposes, while other costumes are used for charms and rituals. The costume are ephemeral, that‟s why it does not last longer for preservation due to the quality of the media, and it also serve an academic reference material to the researcher, who wish to research similar or add to the existing materials for further documentation.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page – – – – – – – – – i Title page – – – – – – – – – ii Declaration – – – – – – – – – iii Certification – – – – – – – – – iv Dedication – – – – – – – – – v Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – vi Abstract – – – – – – – – – – vii Table of Contents – – – – – – – – viii List of Figures – – – – – – – – – xii List of Plates – – – – – – – – – xiii Map of Nigeria – – – – – – – – – xvi Map of Plateau State – – – – – – – – xvii Map of Mangu Local Government Area – – – – – xviii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION – – – – – – 1 Background of the Study – – – – – – – 4 Statement of the Problem – – – – – – – 8 Aim and Objectives of the Study – – – – – – 9 Research Questions – – – – – – – – 9 Justification of the Study – – – – – – – 9 Significance of the Study – – – – – – – 9 Scope and Delimitation of the Study – – – – – – 10 Theoretical Framework – – – – – – – – 10 Definition of Terms – – – – – – – – 13
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CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE – – – 16 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 16 Etymological Definition of Costumes – – – – – – 17 History of Costumes – – – – – – – – 19 African Costumes – – – – – – – – 20 Bwami Initiation costumes of Congo – – – – – – 22 Costume of Fulani Men in Southern Niger – – – – – 24 Kuosi mask Costumes of Cameroon – – – – – – 25 Zulu Indlamu Costumes of South Africa – – – – – 28 Festival Costumes of Nigeria – – – – – – – 32 Ikeji Arondizuogu Festival Costumes – – – – – – 35 Yoruba Egungun (Masquerade) Costumes – – – – – 37 Malaki Festival Costumes of Kanuri Borno – – – – – 31 Durber Festival Costumes – – – – – – – 42 Ekpe Festival Costumes of Ibibio – – – – – – 46 Costumes of Igue Festival of Benin – – – – – – 50 Festival Costumes of Plateau State – – – – – – 52 Brief Review of Nzem Berom Festival Costumes – – – – 54 Significance of Festival Costumes – – – – – – 56 Deduction from the Review of Related Literature – – – – 57 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE – 58 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 58 Research Design – – – – – – – – 58 Descriptive method – – – – – – – – 59 Source of Data – – – – – – – – – 59 Internet and Library – – – – – – – – 60 Research Population – – – – – – – – 60 Sample Techniques – – – – – – – – 60 Pilot Study – – – – – – – – – 61
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Field Work – – – – – – – – – 61 Research Instrument and Tools – – – – – – – 61 Oral Interview – – – – – – – – – 62 Observation – – – – – – – – – 62 Photograph and video – – – – – – – – 62 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – – – 63 Concept of Categorisation – – – – – – – 63 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION – – – 64 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 64 Mwaghavul festival Costume – – – – – – – 64 Categorisation of Mwaghavul Costume – – – – – 66 Gender: Vellang (Men Dance) Costume – – – – – 68 Categories of Vellang Men Costume – – – – – – 72 Traditional Festival Costume – – – – – – – 83 Artistic components of Vellang Costume – – – – – 83 Importance of Vellang Costume – – – – – – 84 Cher (Women) Costume – – – – – – – 85 Kook Mat Kaah (Old Women) Costume – – – – – 88 Old Costume of Jirap Cher Maiden group – – – – – 92 Categories of Cher Festival Costume – – – – – – 94 Artistic component of Cher Women Costume – – – – – 99 Function of Cher Women Costume – – – – – – 99 Jirap War Shar (friendly Mainden) Costume – – – – – 100 Artistic component of Jirap War Shar Costume – – – – 102 Function of War Shar group Costume – – – – – – 102 Mbel (Youth group) Costume – – – – – – – 103 Function of Mbel Festival Costume – – – – – – 106 Artistic component of the Mbel Youth Costume – – – – 107 Kwat (Hunting) Festival Costume – – – – – – 107
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Artistic component of Kwat (Hunting) Costume – – – – 115 Function of Kwat (Hunting) Costumes – – – – – – 116 Wangkang (Masquerade) Costumes – – – – – – 117 Sedireep (Ceremonial) Costume – – – – – – 118 Puberty and Marriage Rite Costume – – – – – – 119 Wum (Burial Rite) Costume – – – – – – – 122 Chan (Circumcision) Rite Costume – – – – – – 124 Artistic component and Function of Sedireep (Ceremonial) Rite Costume – 125 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIO – 127 Summary – – – – – – – – – – 127 Findings – – – – – – – – – – 129 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 131 Recommendation – – – – – – – – 133 Contribution to knowledge – – – – – – – 133 Notes – – – – – – – – – – 135 References – – – – – – – – – 139 Interview Question for the Festival Costume – – – – – 144 Appendix I: Researcher during (non participatory) fieldwork – – – 147 Appendix II: Researcher during (participatory) fieldwork – – – 148

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

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