CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The 21st century world is much more multidimensional and much more interrelated that the bipolar and the unipolar power syndromes are over forever. This is because the world is increasingly multi-polar and has many fronts space technology, education, medicine, sports, commerce and tourism, bio-fuel research, to mention a few, where many countries could competently and confidently hold their grounds. This scenario was unthinkable some decades ago when only the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the United States of America (USA) and a few others had political, military and socioeconomic hegemony over the world. Today with the rise of countries such as India, Iran, South Africa, China, Libya, Pakistan, Japan, North Korea and other “Asia Tigers”, the world appears to be engaged in a fierce competition with itself. Apart from the continuous depletion of the ozone layer, that has been precipitated by industrial pollution and the technological craze of these countries, many of them are engaged in the economics of protectionism and military adventurism, which is threatening world peace by the day. Incidentally, this has culminated in the worst ever global economic recession the world has witnessed in recent history. People of different races, ideological persuasions and religions seem to have agreed that there is the need for global solidarity to promote the sustenance of the environment for generations unborn. The human  race is now trying to explore the diversities of the world with a view to engendering community solidarity, stability and creativity, national and transnational integration as well as global peace (Joseph Eboreime in the Nigerian Television Authority programme, “One on One” , 2009). In essence, there appears to be a growing global consensus which is probably best couched in the expression, “We don’t have elsewhere to go so let’s preserve the earth for our good and the good of our children”. Developing tourism prospects in different parts of the globe has been identified as one of the surest strategies to jumpstart the slowdown in the different economies of the world (Cable News Network [CNN], 2009). Apart from ensuring sustainable growth and development, tourism promotes the preservation of natural and man-made treasures which are, in turn, capable of keeping the earth safe. It is in this sense that this paper canvasses the use of the television medium to reinvent tourism for sustainable growth and development in a developing economy such as Nigeria. Theoretically, this paper is predicated on the development media theory which advocates that the media could be used to facilitate the process of socioeconomic development of a country (Baran and Davis, 1995). The theoretical construct further holds that by supporting development efforts, the media could be an aid to society at large. In other words, the media particularly the broadcast media could and should be used to rally people, infrastructure and institutions in aid of national development in modern societies. Hence, the media particularly the television medium can help to prioritize societal issues, including tourism development issues in Nigeria. The World Book Encyclopaedia (1987) explains “television” as a derivative of the Greek, “tele” meaning “at a distance”, and the Latin “videre”, meaning “to see”. Thus television means “a seeing at a distance”. It is considered to be one of the greatest technological strides of 20th century which possesses the ability to take viewers out of this world to explore the outer space. The television medium is such a captivating medium that has created an intimate relationship between the audience and itself. Through television programmes, “we (the audience) gain insights into politics, history, current events, and culture (Awake!, 2006). It has a variety of applications in society, business, and science. The most common use of television is as a source of information and entertainment for viewers in their homes. Security personnel also use televisions to monitor buildings, manufacturing plants, and numerous public facilities. Public utility employees use television to monitor the condition of an underground sewer line, using a camera attached to a robot arm or remote-control vehicle. Doctors can probe the interior of a human body with a microscopic television camera without having to conduct major surgery on the patient. Educators use television to reach students throughout the world. Perhaps, it is this awesomeness of television in terms of functionality that impelled Antonoff (2008) to assert that Television is a system of sending and receiving pictures and sound by means of electronic signals transmitted through wires and optical fibres or by electromagnetic radiation. These signals are usually broadcast from a central source, a television station, to reception devices such as television sets in homes or relay stations such asthose used by cable television service providers. Television is the most widespread form of communication in the world. Though most people will never meet the leader of a country, travel to the moon, or participate in a war, they can observe these experiences through the images on their television.

Television is a system of sending and receiving pictures and sound by means of electronic signals transmitted through wires and optical fibres or by electromagnetic radiation. These signals are usually broadcast from a central source, a television station, to reception devices such as television sets in homes or relay stations such as those used by cable television service providers. Television is the most widespread form of communication in the world. Though most people will never meet the leader of a country, travel to the moon, or participate in a war, they can observe these experiences through the images on their television. It is in light of this that prompt the researcher to investigate the role of television in the promotion of environmental health.

The main objective of this study is to ascertain the role of television in the promotion of environmental health, but to aid the completion of the study, the researcher intends to achieve the following objectives;

1. To ascertain the role of television in promotion of environmental health
2. To ascertain the relationship between television and health awareness programs.

• To ascertain the impact television on health awareness programs

1. To ascertain the effect of television programs on the environmental health of the populace

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated

H0: television does not play any significant role in the promotion of environmental health

H1: television plays a significant role in the promotion of environmental health

H02: there is no significant relationship between television and health awareness programs

H2: there is a significant relationship between television and health awareness programs

• significance of the study

Children constitute an essential fragment of every home, and society. Consequently, the society and the government in particular pay a lot a attention to all issues affecting the welfare of the children, the effecs, which adverts have on children, constitute one of such issues. If not checked, such effects of TV advert are likely to make the child develop along negative lines.

The significance of this study is a therefore to outline and examine these factors in a TV advert which negatively affect the child’s development so that the family, government and society at large can control and educate them. The second significance is to examine how effective the various existing machineries aimed at children have been. Hence, the likelihood is that we shall see greater control by government, the media and the advertisers of TV adverts, (Wright et al, 1978). To contribute to the knowledge already existing in this area of study can be said to be another significance or importance of the study.

• Scope And Limitation Of The Study

The scope of the study covers appraisal of the role of television in the promotion of environmental health in Rivers state. The researcher encounters some limitations in the cause of the study;

1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study.
2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities        and examinations with the study.
3. c) FINANCE: The finance available for the research work does not allow for wider coverage as resources are very limited as the        researcher has other academic bills to cover.

1.7 Definition Of Terms

Television

Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a television set, a television program (“TV show”), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip, and advertising

Environmental health

Environmental health is the branch of public health that is concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment that may affect human health. Other terms referring to or concerning environmental health are environmental public health, and public health protection / environmental health protection

Media

Media  is the collective communication outlets or tools that are used to store and deliver information or data. It is either associated with communication media, or the specialized mass media communication businesses such as print media and the press, photography, advertising, cinema, broadcasting (radio and television) and publishing

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows. Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (background of the study), statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope of the study etc. Chapter two being the review of the related literature presents the theoretical framework, conceptual framework and other areas concerning the subject matter.     Chapter three is a research methodology covers deals on the research design and methods adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.