CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCION

Training is considered as the process of upgrading knowledge, develop skills, bringing about attitude and behavioural changes and improving the ability of the trainee to perform tasks effectively and efficiently. Also training is a systematic approach to less ring and development to improve individual team, and organizational effectiveness. Alternatively, development refers to activities keeping to the acquisition of view knowledge or skills for our posses of personal growth. This development includes the process by which managers and executive acquires not only skills and competencies in their present schedules, also capacities future managerial tasks of increasing difficultly and scope in terms of handling workforce and responding to the state of the art in their day-to-day activities. Also, development towards future needs rather than present needs and immediate performance. Therefore training and development in a business organization could be defined as the ability of a business organization to develop skills and knowledge of their workers to enable them carry out the present and future job of the organization (Coles, 2000).

Effective training techniques can produce significant business results especially in customer service, product development and capability in obtaining new skill set. This linkage of training to business strategy has given many business the needed competitive edge in today’s global market. Effective training and development t improves the culture of quality in business, workforce is considered to be essential to the maintenance of a business firm’s competitive advantage in a   economy.

Despite the relevance of training and development organizations are faced with quite a number of problems associated with training and development for instance, some training problems emerge as a result of failure of management to accept responsibility for under-taking training programme. Also, organizations are faced with the problem of lack of adequate knowledge and skills by managers in directing and executing training. The consequence of this situation is that employees productivity becomes low and this in turn affects the general performance of the organization. In order for organizations to be productive, investment in training and development is critical as it has a direct effect on the activities of the organization.

These are however some possible solutions to the problems. In order for organizations to be strategically positioned to be business environment or be efficient in providing quality output to the society, there is need for both the existing and new employees to be trained regularly, policies regarding training and development  of employees should be set and implemented to foster the development of employees in the organization, there should be clear and reliable linkage between training effectiveness and the fulfillment of strategic organization objectives. The issue of training and development of employees should be taken seriously (Coles, 2000).

Most tertiary institutions and organizations do not give consideration to training and development. They believe people are bound to learn from others and as such do not consider training and development as important tool in the organization. The consequence of this situation is low productivity and output level of the organization. Many organization have not given training and development the attention it deserves, incompetency is another consequence of not taking training and development seriously.

In the face of competition, if staffs of an organization are not well trained, they will not be able to perform the duties expected of them. In addition many organizations do not conduct training needs analysis to determine who needs to be trained and what needs to be learned, the effect of this, is that even though training is conducted, there is no positive impact

The study intends to achieve the following objectives:

1. To examine the significance of staff training and development in tertiary institutions.
2. To present and highlight ways of conducting effective and efficient staff training and development.
3. To identify the problems of staff training and development.
4. To examine the possible solutions to the problems of staff training and development.

1.3     RESEARCH QUESTION

The following research questions were formulated to guide this research study.

1. What are the significance of staff training and development in tertiary institutions?
2. What are the ways of conducting effective and efficient staff training and development?
3. What are the problems of staff training and development?
4. What are the possible solutions to the problems of staff training and development?

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Every organization needs well trained employees to boost productivity, staff training and development is a major means through which these goals of organization can be obtained.  The significance of the study is that it will bring to light the relevant of staff training and development in organizations; it will help organizations understand the prerequisite for training and development by providing concise information on training and development. Make known the way conducting effective staff training and development in business organizations, problems of staff training and development and overcome the problems. The research study serve as a useful reference  material to other scholars seeking for information on the subject.

1.5 SCOPE/LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study covers Assessment of the challenges of staff training and development in tertiary institutions, a case study of Akwa Ibom state polytechnic Ikot Osurua. How to conduct effective and efficient staff in the course of carrying out the research, some challenges were encountered by the researcher that stood ad limitations to the study and they include, limited time given for the completion of the study. Inadequate information due to high cost of transportation and financial constraints.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Every organization needs well trained employees to boost productivity, it is believed that this research work will be beneficial to both the trainees and trainers as it will enable them to identify their problems and know ways of overcoming them.

Staff training and development is a major means through which these goals of the organization can be obtained.

The Significance of the study is that it will bring to light the relevant off staff training and development, it will help organization understand the pre-requisite for training and development by providing concise information on training and development. It will also help to reveal the ways of conducting effective staff training and development. In addition, the research study serves as a useful reference material to other scholars seeking for information on the subject.

1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This research work covers the problems and solutions of staff training and development of champion breweries in Akwa Ibom State. Also included in the scope are:

• Four variables as listed in the research question.
• Use of questionnaire as the instrument for data collection.
• Use of descriptive statistics.
• Fifty respondents.
• The use of survey design in conducting the research.

In course of carry some challenges were encountered by the researcher that stood as limitation to the study and they include:

• Financial factor: inadequate funds affected researcher had to travel long distances for the distribution of the research questionnaire forms.
• Time factor: this affected the reduction in the size of the sample used for the study because the researcher had only less than two months to complete the study.
• Material factor: Shortage of relevant material for literature review posed.

1.8     DEFINITION OF TERMS

Training: This is the process of impacting specific skills and abilities for particular requirements of the organization.

Development: This refers to any learning activity which is directed towards future needs rather than present needs and which is concerned performance.

Manpower: This involves the process of collecting and analyzing of data pertaining to the number and kind of employees using require skills that an organization needs at the right time and at the right  place to perform job that are the beneficial to the objectives of the of organization.

Planning:- Setting objectives and deciding on the best ways of achieving  objectives.

Business:- A company or other organization that buys and sells goods, makes products, or render services