ABSTRACT

Crisis are inherent in any human enceinte and perform an integral part in any organization and must be managed. It generates problems between employees and the management, between groups in the organization and affects the society at large. The researcher finds out the causes of Crisis and management of it in our case study Anammco Plc Emene Enugu state chasing the working system, non-payment of wages and salary as at when due, non-employees participation on matters affecting them, poor working conditions and management insensitive of employees welfare. These result to poor working morals, low productivity on the part of the employees.

After analyzing the data collected from both secondary and primary, the researcher suggested or holds that Crisis can be reduced through two-way communication system, operative open door policy, ensuring good working condition. These preventive approaches were confirmed after testing the hypothesis. The research methodology employed were questionnaire, collection of relevant textbooks, in all addition, statistical models – Chi-Square is used in calculating the sample size and testing of hypothesis.

It was recommended that management must be sincerely concerned with the welfare of employees, solicit and respect suggesting of employees and must realize that participatory management is the best approach to reduce Crisis and ensures obedient and higher productivity. 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background of the Study

Industrial /organizational crisis constitute a very important component of the industrial relations system. They can be seen as any disputes between employers and worker or between workers and workers, which is connected with the employment or terms of employment and deployment or terms of work. They involve the pursuit of incompatible on at least seemingly incompatible goods by two or more parties so that gains for one party result in loss for the other. Organizational crisis are usually more exciting to observers and so invariably attract greater attention and comment than peace. As a result in all countries, newspapers contain more reports about labor disputes than Labour harmony. Keller (1954) holds two views concerning industrial conflict or Crisis.

The harmony. Relation view: holds that conflict is unavoidable and only occurs because of abnormality in a stable and well integrated organization which has restore a natural homoeostasis while the other realistic view: hold that Crisis is inherent in any human encounter. It performs an integral part in any dynamic social system and is necessary element of change. Dispute is the essence of industrial relations because the structural features of organization necessarily result in tensions among persons on different strata. The industrial relations system consists largely of maintaining a balance among these tensions in the interest of pressuring a going enterprise. Organizational crisis are of the most part normal and even necessary; they have both advantages and disadvantages for the enterprise, demands by worker forces management to search for efficiency or for new market in order to meet new demands. On the other hand, demand which impair the efficiency of the enterprise or result in an unacceptably higher costs to the customer, threaten the enterprise’s future. For the society as a whole workers demands have been an engine for social porgies brining shorter working how’s, longer holidays, better working conditions and many other improvements over the years. But the welfare of society also may be adversely affected by productivity where prices are forced up or efficiency excessively lowered and by the inflationary effects of increase in labour costs not covered by increase productivity. Although Crisis are an element in the maintenance of equilibrium in industries comes abnormal, dysfunctional or pathological. Examples include Crisis accompanied by pervasive violence and disputes which results in major economic and social disorganization of a community. In the cost majority of industries, the sources of disputes are to be found in tensions innate to the industrial relations system. Studied have shown that where people work together in an enterprises many interests are to be found, some shared, some not. The employer wants the operations to be a successful as possible whether judged by profit, non –profit or other measures of efficiency. The needs to keep his labour costs reasonably commensurate with those of his inspires managers and supervisors, but in addition they have other interests of their own as also the employees. On the worker’s side their diverse interests maximizing wages and improving the condition under which they supply their Labour, ensuring the securing of their job. Fair treatment from their managers, avoiding any unduly tough work place, belonging to congenial work groups and working in a state and reasonably pleasant environment. In addition, all staff in the enterprise may have outside interests, which affect their life within it. For example, work may share common objectives with comrades elsewhere through their trade union or even under aims through political movements, which influences their conduct at work. Their interests may conflict with the achievement of enterprise goals set by management.

1.2     Statement of Problem

In view of the fact that an employee spends the greater part of the day in his place of work and most active vigorous part of his life as a workman, it is of permanent importance’s that working conditions should be healthy, convenient and attractive, that the work itself should be as interesting as possible and that relations among the employees themselves and between employees and management should be cordial and co-operative and not confrontational.  It is in this context that we should identify the necessary skills for the effective management of industrial /organizational Crisis. It is the contention of this research work that for management of industrial Crisis to be effective, management and workers union must be knowledgeable about the organizational process that impinge on the workers and must be able to diagnose the environment of employees. This can be achieved through the power of information. Information can be even more important than the traditional tangible resources because rational problem solving and influence by presentation are essential in a complex setting. The control of scarce information by management on what motivates specific people, for instance, or on outcomes or processes related to organizational goals can enhance one’s problem salving ability. Thus, information is power. Curiously enough, although workers union have as their central concern the improvement of the working conditions of their members; but they do not take the workers interests and needs as the starting point of negotiation. Instead the conditions of service as laid down by management are the focal point: However, advances in the behavioral sciences have enabled us to know about the worker. It is therefore imperative for trade unions and management to have a good knowledge about the workers. Again, while workers and management are concerned about improving the condition of work which often are interpreted narrowly to include only salaries, wages and fringe benefits the quality of the actual works undertaken by a worker hardly ever features as an area of theorists and researchers on job design that some jobs are ultrasonically more satisfying than others. Workers alienation has been found to stem from the nature of the jobs, jobs that the worker has no measure of control over the methods to be used, tend to repel to worker, lower his morale and reduce his performance.

1.3   Purpose of Study

The objective of the study generally is to secure the highest possible level of mutual understanding and good will between several interests which take part in the processes of an undertaking so as to maximize productivity for industry and real incomes for workers.

Summarily this study has the following as its objectives.

1. The causes of organizational crisis.
2. The effects of Organizational crisis
3. The management process of organizational crisis
4. The outcome of an effective organizational crisis

1.4   Research Questions

The study has the following questions as its focus

1. What are the causes of organizational crisis?
2. Does organizational crisis affect organizational performance?
3. Does effective crisis management depends on the management of the organization?
4. What is the Outcome of an effective organizational crisis?

1.5   Research Hypotheses

The study formulated and will test the following hypotheses

H0: There is no significant relationship between organizational crisis and organizational performance.

H1: There is a significant relationship between organizational crisis and organizational performance.

H20: There is no significant relationship between effective management crisis and organizational management process.

H21: There is a significant relationship between effective management crisis and organizational management process.

1.6     Scope and Limitation of the Study

For the purpose of this study, we shall focus primary on the intergroup types of organizational Crisis among the staff of our case study organization. The scope of this cover the management and worker’s union Crisis and the strategies or steps in managing Crisis between this two groups with particular reference to Anammco Emene Plc Enugu.

During the process of this research, the researcher encountered some constraint, which hindered the collection of information.

TIME:  The researcher wishers to state it clearly that the period   under which this study is done is short especially when academic commitment such as writing of term papers, assignment, tests and exams.

Money:   A research paper of this nature requires a lot of money, which is not readily available to a student like the researcher. The researcher is handicapped financially, and thereby cannot afford to make an intensive research.

Lack of facilities also reduced the potentiality of this study. The researchers do not have easy access to books and previous studies by other authors based on this study.

Because of all the above limitations the researcher is then recommending that other researchers can make further investigations and improve on this study.

1.7     Significance of the Study

The research topic management of industrial Crisis will help management; entrepreneurs to know various preventive Crisis approach, be confident and make policies that can reduce these Crisis which hinder the attainment of business mission.

Secondly Government will know how some of their decision gear industrial Crisis especially the issue of change without adequate notification, planning and use of diplomacy.

1.8     Definitions of Terms

Industrial Employees – will include the whole web of workers under the employment of both service and manufacturing industries.

Conflict – A condition of objectives incompatibility between valves or goals; as the behaviour of deliberately interfering with another goal achievement.

Industrial relations – Concerns human relations in the   process of production.

Management – The ability to get thing done through The Use of People.

1.9   Organization of the study

The study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one deals with the study’s introduction and gives a background to the study. Chapter two reviews related and relevant literature. The chapter three gives the research methodology while the chapter four gives the study’s analysis and interpretation of data. The study concludes with chapter five which deals on the summary, conclusion and recommendation.