ABSTRACT

Retaining walls are structures used  in providing stability for earth or materials where conditions dis allow the materials from summing its nature al slope or stability
There are many factors affecting or militating against the stability of retaining walls. These includes the level of water table behind the wall, size of the base of the wall and nature of the soil retained
Under these effects of he nature of soil,. we have the angle of internal content between the particles, the cohesion which is the bodily contact or binding of the soil particles and the unit weight of the soil . (density)
It is these different parameters that  have been considered individually with different values of height in this study.

NOTATION USED IN THIS PROJECT
1.    Angle of internal friction of soil            O
2.    Unit weight of sol                    -&
3.    Sat unit wt                    –    &sat
4.    sauntered unit wt                    – &sub
5.    Overturning moment            –    Mo
6.    Base width of container wall         –    B
7.    Overall height of wall             –    H
8.    Effective height of wall            –    He
9.    Height of stem                –    h
10.    Effective depth                –    d
11.    Overall depth                –    d
12.    Weight stem                    –    we
13-    Weight soil                    –    ws
14.    Surcharge                    –    S
15.    Active pressure on wall            –    Pa
16.    Passive pressure on wall            –    Pp
17.    Breadth for design    –   
18.    Sum of vertical weight        –    Ew
19.    Point of application of the resultant    X
20.    Eccentricity                –    e
21.    Sum of moments            –    Em
22.    Characteristic strength steel    –    fy
23.    â    â    â    concrete    –    fcn
24.    Lever are factor            –    z
25.    Lever are                    Z
26.    Ultimate shear stress        –    Vc
27.    Shear force                –    V
28.    Shear stress.                –    v

TABLE CONTENTS

Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Notations used

CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Retaining walls
Cantilever rw
Rankin theory
Forces on cantilever rw
Counterfort  rw
Forces on counterfort rw
The gravity rw
Forces on gravity rw

CHAPTER TWO
Stability of retaining wall
Soil properties of rws
Drainage in rw
Allowable bearing capacity

CHAPTER THREE
Procedure for the design of rw
Analysis example
Formwork in retaining walls

CHAPTER FOUR
Design Of Cantilever R.W

REFERENCES