CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY

Through a constant series of research
and development, It was suggested that groundwater is among the purest forms of
natural occurring water. Hailstorm G., (2008). Therefore the utilization of
groundwater has become very pertinent especially in areas where modern
purification schemes do not exist.

Underground water is tapped via hand
dug wells, cancels and boreholes. Borehole involves the use of drilling rigs
reacl. The water bearing strata located several matter below the ground. Canals
are cut along designated channels proven to have a lot of near surface
underground water occurrence, canals are used mostly for agricultural purposes
in Nigeria. Water dug wells data back to the ancient days and has persisted to
date as the most reliable and economic source of water for rural and
metropolitan dwellers Stiles L, (1998).

Community health schemes in Nigeria
have been enhanced by the provision of different hand pump delivered
underground water. Some communities have big overhead tanks and the underground
water is delivered to such tanks by submersible pumps. In the case both the
bacteriological and chemical analysis are done and compared with world health
organization standards, to declare the borehole canal or dug well water safe
for human consumption.

Borehole are resistance to many forms
of natural and man-made disasters. Although the narrow opening at the top of
water source or damage to the pump components below ground than what can be
seen on the surface.

A borehole is a narrow that bored in
the ground either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for
many different purposes, including the extraction of water, other liquid (such
as petroleum) or gasses (such as natural gas), as part of a geotechnical
investigation, environmental site assessment, mineral exploration, temperature
measurement, as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities for
geothermal installations, or for e.g in carbon capture and storage Hellstron G;
(2008). Borehole is also refers to as hydraulic structure which when properly
designed a constructed permits the economic withdrawal of water from an
aquifer, Todd D.K (1980).

1.2     
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The borehole of the department of
agricultural and bio-environmental engineering Kaduna polytechnic was in a bad
working condition period infect the cracking, handling has been removed and the
chain transmission was rusted due to the action of rainfall on it. Effort where
made to make the borehole function able but it was discovered that the depth or
the borehole was shallow which resulted in water shortage during day season. It
was suggested after geophysical survey that a new borehole should be
constructed which was done to the pump mounting level. There is need to
distribute the water to points (places) such as the laboratories and
departmental lawns by providing pipe network to deliver the water.

Therefore the project is
to provide pipe network to deliver water to the overhead tank which supply
water to the departmental lawn.

1.3     
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aims of this project is to
provide water supply pipe line system from the drilled pumped borehole to the
departmental building and connect it to a procured overhead tank.

The objectives of the project are :

i.                   
 To carry out a reconnaissance survey to
determine the route and distances of the axillary pipe line system from the
borehole to the overhead tank;

ii. To estimate the quantity and
types of materials require;

iii. To conduct a market survey to
ascertain the cost of the estimated materials;

iv. To procure and install an
overhead tank that will be connected to the water supply system;

v. To lay down the axillary pipes
from the borehole to the designated point (overhead tank).

1.4       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The borehole water of the department
will serve as an easiest source of water to the laboratories and lawns will
supplement the constant shortage of water from the public water supply system.

Also the borehole water will serve as
a source of water to the neighboring departments and medical Centre.

1.5       SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this project is limited
to providing pipe network from the departmental borehole to the overhead tank
that supplies water to the departmental lawns.

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