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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The
most important human activity is leadership questions and motivation, ever
since people began forming groups to accomplish aims, they could not achieve
their aims as individuals. Leadership has been essential to ensure the
coordination of individual efforts. A society has come to rely increasingly on
group efforts and as many organized group have become large, the task of
leaders has been rising in importance.
Leadership
we know have no universal definition some leadership scholars have defined it
according to their views.
Therefore
leadership could be seen as a social influencing process for the attainment of
goals. A leader is the most influential person in an organization who provides
direction, guides group activities and ensures that group objectives are
attained (Nwachukwu, 1999:146) furthermore he saw leadership as a process where
one person exerts social influence over the members of a group.
Motivation
are those various reason why people work, may be to earn respect among
associate to earn salary and wages to acquire prestige and honour. In all these
variety of reasons, culture seems to be a determing factor what actual make the
between healing and sick organization and the worker. According to Howell and
Dipboye (1982) they mostly depends on organization ability to discover sustain
and meet the workers need.
Therefore
motivation can be seen as what ever thing that makers a person to bring out his
or her best.
Management
is the process of utilizing resources of a firm that accomplish designated
objectives.
111. PROFILE
OF UNION BANK PLC, ABA
Union
Bank of Nigeria Plc was established in 1917 as a colonial Bank with its fist
branch in Lagos. In 1925, Bardays Bank acquired the colonial Bank, which
resulted in the change of the Bank’s name to Bardays Bank (Dominion colonial
and overseas). Following the enactment to be incorporated locally, Barclays
Bank (D.C.O) in 1969 was incorporated as Barclays Bank of Nigeria Limited. The
ownership structure of Bardays Bank emained un-changed until 1971 when 8.33% of
the Banks shares were offered to Nigerians in the same year, the Bank was
listed on the Nigerian stock exchange. As a result of the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion
Act of 1972, the federal government of Nigeria acquired 51.67% of the Bank
shares, which left Bardays Bank Plc, London with only 40%. By the enactment of
the 1972 and 1977 Nigeria Enterprises promotion Acts, Bardays Bank
International disposed its share holding to Nigeria in 1979. To reflect the new
ownership structure and in compliance the name Union Bank of Nigeria Plc.
Union
Bank Group operates an interlocking organizational structure whereby some board
members of union Bank of Nigerian Plc act as external directors in subsidiaries
and associated companies. This arrangement, ensures effective oversight and participation
in the decision making process of these companies thereby safeguarding the
Banks investments.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
Management
of organization have over the years been faced with a lot of problems which
have in one way or the other hindered organizational growth and development
some of these problems could be seen as follow: indiscipline of workers, high
rate of absenteeism, high labour turn-over, job irritability, lack of
motivation and reduced productivity.
INDISCIPLINE OF
WORKER: This has contributed a
lot to the problems of organizations. Some workers have been found in the habit
of disobeying simple instructions from their superiors, which in one way or the
other jeopardize organizational growth and development.
HIGH RATE OF
ABSENTEEISM:- The rate at
which workers absent themselves from duty without permission from the
appropriate authority for reasons best known to them have really pose a problem
on management of organizations.
HIGH LABOUR TURN
OVER:- The rate at which
people go out of an organization (skilled and unskilled workers) is also a
problem which have retard productivity in many organizations.
JOB
IRRITABILITY: This may come
as a result of tiredness of the job, due to lack of enthusian on the said job.
This is also a problem to organization.
Lack of
motivation:- eg low pay,
poor performance appraisal lack of staff training and lack of staff promotion
will retard workers from doing their work effectively and efficiently since
their efforts are not rewarded as at when due.
REDUCED
PRODUCTIVITY: This is also a
problem to management of organization. When productivity is reduced, an
organization tends to suffer.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The
researcher tends to find out the effects of leadership and motivation in
management of organizations she find out this research work in order to know
the effect of autocratic and laisser faire styles of leadership on workers
productivity and how best to boast employees morale and increase their sense of
belonging which in turn will lead to increased productivity in organization.
She tends to discover how best leadership and motivation will minimize the
problems encountered by organizations. This study aims at determing the
clausable course and effect relationship by observing existing consequences and
then reflecting back on the data so collecting clause able courses e.g A
researcher. Who wants to find out the effect of class size on the performance
of students should compare the class size of some years and corresponding the
over all performance of the class for several group, this involves an
investigation past event, development and experiment. Investigation comprises a
thorough evaluation and analysis of evidences in order to establish facts.
One
which sees to abstain how some dimension valuables or characteristics of a
given population change with time. The study attempts to describe the nature
and degree of growth maturity and valuations in behaviours among members of the
group.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
This
research project tends to answer the following questions.
1) What are the effect of leadership and
motivation on management of organizations?
2) Does the type of leadership practiced
affect employees morale and consequently their output
3) Is there any effect of employee’s
behavior on organizational productivity?
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
A
hypothesis is a proposition assumed for the sake of argument or a theory to be
proved or disproved by to facts. It is an assumed answer to a problem. It is also
a guide to a research work.
H01:
Lack of motivation in organization does not lead to low productivity.
H02:
The type of leadership an organization practiced does not affect employee’s
morale and their output.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
significance of this research work lends creduce to this exercise. It serves as
an enlightenment to management of organizations on how best to boost the morale
of their employees through motivation which in turn increases their sense of
belonging and their output. This work will also serve as a panacea to
management of organizations in arriving at dependable solutions to management
consultants. This work will serve as a guide to political leaders on the type
of leadership style they will adopt, which will faster peace and stability in
the society.
This
work will serve as a guideline for future researchers to critically examine the
concept of leadership and motivation on effective management f organization.
This work is also significant to the researcher for the fulfillment f the award
of the High National Diploma.
1.7 SCOPE
AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This
research work is restricted to the office of Union Bank of Nigeria Plc, Aba
branch. It is limited to the effect of leadership and motivation in management
of organization. All thing been equal, the researcher would like to cover as
much area as possible but it is impossible because of some circumstances, which
was beyond his control.
The
constraints could be seen as follows: Finance, lack of time due to the tight
schedule of academic calendar, unwillingness of some of the respondents to
answer questions, posed by the researcher, rainfalls which restricted the
researchers movement and act of God. All these place limitation on the extent
the researcher can go.
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
1) Motivation: Can be defined as a
process of the reason one does or behaves in a particular way. He is motivated
entirely by self interest. To make what to do especially that involves hard
work and effort.
2) Organizational: Can be defined as a
group of people who from a business, club, etc. together in order to achieve a
particular aim. To work for a business (political) voluntary organization, the
world health organization. He’s the president of a large international
organization.
3) Leadership: It state or position of
being a leader. Leadership it is the ability to be a leader or the qualities a
good leader should have: leadership qualities / skills, strong leader is needed
to captain the team. A group of leaders of a particular organization, etc.
4) Growth: It is the process (of people
animals or plants) the process of growing physically, mentally or emotionally,
lack of water will stunt the plant’s growth. Remove dead leaves to encourage
new growth a concern with personal (mental and emotional) growth and
development, growth hormones designed to make grow faster.
5) Management: The term management has
been used in different way’s to describe an essential aspect of organizational
activities which determine how people should work and the materials to be used
in achieving organizational goals.
6) Business: The term business has been
generally defined as an occupation, task or duty which a person undertakes to
earn a living.
7) Economic system: The economic system
determines the pattern of ownership of factors of production and economic
resources and the production and distribution of goods and services.
8) Organizing: Is defined as involving
the determination of activities to be performed in order to achieve goals.
9) Communication: Is the medium through
which information is passed. In essence, to communicated is to pass
information. Information is anything that reduces or eliminates the uncertainty
in any given situation. Information is needed by everyone working in an
organization to do his or her duty very well.
10) Information
system: Is a set of resources man, materials and procedure defined to
attain information goals within a socio-economic environment which produces and
utilizes the system as tool for development (Hayes, 1975).
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