CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

An incentive is a form of financial encouragement recognizing a particular contribution made by the work force, in other words, it is a sum of money paid in addition to the basic rate which the organization pays to ensure that its most important production aspects are being optimized . For instance, a capital intensive company might have an incentive linked to machine utilization.

Performance incentives are payment made to an employee or group of employee based on amount of output. The use of performance incentive policies is premised on the belief that output can be measured and performance by workers, it used dated back to the era of the scientific management movement championed by Fedrick Winslow Taylor who argued passionately for the use of incentive wage system as a way of getting more output from the workers. It was also aimed at combating “soldering” or boondoggling” which was a practice of deliberate restriction of output by workers on the job as at that time. Taylor believe that workers could always exert greater efforts if they were

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to be paid a financial incentive based upon the number of units of work they were able to produce. He then developed the differential rate system which gives a worker a lesser piece rate e

.g #1.0 per piece if he produced less than the standard amount of output required by so doing; individual workers are motivated to produce greater output.

In every organization, large or small private or public enterprises, human resources (employees) are always the pillar of the success of the organization. The human elements have their individual drives, desires, needs, wishes and similar forces which they intend to satisfy when they are coming into an organization. The satisfaction or non-satisfaction of these needs by the organization has an impact on the behaviour or performance of the employee and eventually on productivity.

The usefulness of good incentive policies which leads to motivation of the employee cannot be over emphasized. Every organization depends on motivation among other factors for the attainment of their objectives. The monetary incentives like bonuses, wages, salary increment, e t c to put more effort in

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their work which help to improve the level of productivity in both private and public industries.

Many a time, the most concern of employer is to make the employee to contribute to the attainment of organizational objectives, but they should know that if the employees are not happy with the management of the organization, there will be a very low rate of production in the organization, that is why Hekina and Jones (1967) page 120 visualize that employees should be seen and valued as assets for the allocation of organizational resources. This project will be based on the impact of management incentive policies on workers‟ productivity using Dangote cement factory obajana, kogi state as a case study.

1.1   STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Most incentive plans are designed to assist in increasing efficiency in the organization. However, obtaining employees acceptance of an incentive system may be difficult at the onset. There may be fear that the plan will lead to a speed up layoffs or reduce wage can cause workers resistance.

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Most employers do different things for instance ranking of people, contest, performance appraisals, production, teams and departments, shifts, commission pay etc. all this are believed to enhance performance. Some researchers think it does the opposite instead of trying to use the external motivation (something outside the work itself such as promised rewards or incentives) to get higher levels of performance from people. Employers will be better served by studying the organization as a system. Employers demand results. Without good result organization will find it difficult to survive. Managing incentive policies is a requirement for higher productivity.

Consequent upon a systematic survey of the constraint inimical to the success of management incentives policies

1.   To what extent has incentive policy affected workers productivity?

2.   What is the purpose and importance of these incentives?

3.   What is the effect of the absence of these incentives?

4.   What is the way out?

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1.2   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Good incentive policies, when put in place, motivate workers and make them happy and happy workers are often productive. Good management incentive could be financial or non financial in nature. Financial incentive happens to be the most important of the incentive schemes and it includes wages and salaries, profit sharing scheme, etc.

This researcher shall, by this study therefore beam search light on various aspect of management incentive policies vis-à-vis productivity, with a view to achieve the following objectives among others.

i.       To examine the nature and feature of various incentive schemes

ii.      To examine the usefulness and purpose of incentive in an organization

iii.    To examine problems associated with individual incentive plans

iv.    To make relevant recommendations based on findings.

1.3   RESEARCH QUESTION

i.       To what extent does money motivate employee?

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ii.      How do workers respond to different incentive?

iii.    How does management incentive policy impaction workers productivity?