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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Treasury
function emerged as a result of the sophistication of banks. After the recapitalization
of banks capital to N25 billion in 31 December, 2005 due to increasing
competition, Banks have initiated lots of product to enhance their treasury
function, knowing that treasury product which is an important aspect of banking
activities especially as Banks operate at the short end of the financial market
known as money market. Indeed treasury function is a critical tool for
controlling liquidity. Interest rate and off balance-sheet risks, loans
deposits, borrowed fund pricing and the execution of assets and liability
management policies.
Management
of bank treasury comprises fund acquisition, investment in marketable
securities, hedging and the management of the bank’s reserve account at the
central bank. for a bank to be remain profitable and also be able to manage
their liquidity position, such bank should develop treasury management
strategies needed to compete with other banks in the industries, they should also
develop and market new treasury product which will enhance their liquidity and
profitability position.
Banks
when trying to manage its treasure products faced many challenges which may
come from customer when deciding on going to the other bank that they can
understand their treasury product or collect prime interest rate. Other
challenges may be from the regulatory authorities (CBN) by trying to regulate
the liquidity position of commercial bank initial new policy guidelines which
all banks must comply with.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The
treasury management and inadequate liquidity has recorded some initial failure
on Banks.
The
evolution of Union Bank Plc to make phenomenal profit, by making them to be
careless or resources utilization and particularly their treasure management.
The
inadequacy for the management strategies holding by banks.
The
inability of the Union Bank Plc and UBA Bank Plc to fulfil both its short and
long term obligation, it is based on the management of liquidity.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The
under-listed point generally make up the objectives of the study, they are as
follows:
1. To
investigate the various techniques to treasury management in UBA Plc and Union
Bank Plc and also identify peculiar problems in the management of treasury
products.
2. To
find out, it the banks have initiated new strategies in marketing and
management of their treasury products.
3. To
find out the challenges encountered by banks in managing their treasury.
4. To
find out how the banks are monitored and supervised on CBN general policy
guidelines.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The
research question for this work is stated below:
1. Can
management of bank treasury be a critical tool for controlling it’s liquidity?
2. Does
management of the bank’s reserve account at CBN means managing the bank’s
balances in required reserve account?
3. Can
marketing of bank treasury product be an important aspect of banking
activities?
4. Is
new products developments the basic funding strategies in banking?
5. Can
management of bank treasury help in economic development?
1.5 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS
I
Ho: There
is no relationship between the commercial bank total assist and her level of
profitability.
HA: There
is relationship between the commercial bank total asset and her level of
profitability.
HYPOTHESIS
II
Ho: There
is no significant relationship between a treasury management and bank
investment.
HA: There
is significant relationship between a treasury management and bank investment.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Treasury
function which is the critical tools used by Banks to manage their liquidity
position, will help the banks to be able to know the new strategies used by
their competitors to manage their treasure products.
It
will also help the regulatory authority (CBN) to regulate the monetary policy
thereby enhancing economic development.
Academically,
it will be one of the sources through which student and or researcher would
understand the difference forms of treasury, products, the strategies used by
banks to manage their treasury effectively and efficiently, and also help them
to do more research work on management of bank treasury.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
researcher intends to know how the banking industry management their treasury
function because treasury management which is known as the critical tool used
by banks to management their liquidity position. By knowing when to invest
short, medium or long – term and also the amount of cash to reserve in their
vault.
In
carrying out this research work, the researcher will specialize in two Banks
i.e. Union Plc and UBA Plc as areas covered in this research work, which the
finding, conclusion and recommendation will cover the entire system.
1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY
One
of the major limitation is time constraint since the project is expected to be
completed within a short period of month.
Another
limitation is lack of statistical data and literature to review for the project
work financially constraints is also one of the limitations.
Furthermore,
because of oath of secrecy sworn by the bank officials and fear of divulging
vital information to their competitors, some staff members of Union bank and
UBA Plc found it difficult to release necessary information for this work. This
did not , in any way affect the validity and reliability of this project
because the researcher painstakingly ensure that all relevant fact on ground
were investigated.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Analysis: To
study in detail by breaking it down into various parts, to submit s to certain
test order to identify its constituents to break up into its simplest element.
Bank: This
is a financial institutions that provides banking service.
Control: A
credit policy package should have in build monitoring device for comparing the
actual result with the policy guidelines. This can be achieved by specifying a
number of commercial returns to be rendered periodically.
Comparative: Having
to do with comparison or comparing what is similar and different in two or more
branches of knowledge measured or judged by company.
Hypothesis: This
is an assumption, which the person carrying out an investigation on a
particular to made ahead of time, before embarking on the investigation. The
hypothesis could be negative or alternative (positive) hypothesis.
Management: This
simply means getting things done through other people.
Policy
Guideline: This is the totality of the rules, procedures and processes,
which the management and bank adopts to guide them in their duties.
Target
Market: This refers to care customers of the bank.
9. Loan: A
loan is a credit facility extended by one party (Lender) to another party
(borrower), subjected to specific terms and condition agreed to both partie
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